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Tuesday, March 26, 2013
Mary Roach on Studying How Humans Chew and Eat
[unable to retrieve full-text content]Before you swallow a bite, a devilishly complex sequence of events and reflexes has already begun.
Monday, March 25, 2013
Genetic alterations linked with bladder cancer risk, recurrence, progression, and patient survival
Mar. 25, 2013 ? A new analysis has found that genetic alterations in a particular cellular pathway are linked with bladder cancer risk, recurrence, disease progression, and patient survival. Published early online in CANCER, a peer- reviewed journal of the American Cancer Society, the findings could help improve bladder cancer screening and treatment.
Alterations in the regulators of G-protein signaling (RGS) pathway, which is important for various cellular processes, have been implicated in several cancers. Eugene Lee, MD, of the MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, and his colleagues sought to determine the role of RGS alterations in bladder cancer risk, recurrence, disease progression, and patient survival. Dr. Lee is currently a fellow of Dr. Ashish M. Kamat. The researchers worked together with Dr. Xifeng Wu's Epidemiology Lab. They studied 803 patients with non-muscle invasive or muscle invasive bladder cancer and 803 healthy individuals.
After evaluating 95 single nucleotide alterations or variants in 17 RGS genes, the investigators identified several that were linked with overall risk of bladder cancer. The strongest association was seen with the rs10759 variant on the RGS4 gene: it was linked with a 0.77-fold reduced risk of overall bladder cancer. The researchers also found that with an increasing number of unfavorable variants, the risk of bladder cancer increased. "Screening for bladder cancer has proven to be difficult on a population level, and our work may be a first step in identifying molecular markers for potential genetic-based screening tests. This will help recognize specific groups at increased risk beyond the existing known risk factors such as smoking and chemical exposure," said Dr. Lee.
Dr. Lee and his team also revealed that in patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer, 11 variants were linked with recurrence and 13 variants were linked with progression. Ten were associated with earlier death in patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer; rs2344673 was the most significant, with an average survival of 13.3 months in patients with the variant compared with 81.9 months in patients without it.
In the current era of personalized medicine, an individual's genetic information can provide valuable information on screening, treatment, and surveillance. "Our study provides an initial step in how we can use a patient's genetic makeup to identify those at risk for bladder cancer. Furthermore, we can identify patients who already have a diagnosis of bladder cancer that are at increased risk of worsening of disease or dying from their cancer," said Dr. Lee. "The goal is to find as many genetic alterations that confer risk and create a panel of markers that would aid in diagnosis, treatment, and follow- up."
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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Wiley.
Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.
Journal Reference:
- Eugene K. Lee, Yuanquing Ye, Ashish M. Kamat, Xifeng Wu. Genetic variations in regulator of G-protein signaling (RGS) confer risk of bladder cancer. Cancer, 2013 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.27871
Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.
Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.
Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/health_medicine/genes/~3/PeWO93_aqak/130325094021.htm
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Google?s Schmidt urges Myanmar embrace free speech
YANGON, Myanmar (AP) ? Google executive chairman Eric Schmidt on Friday urged Myanmar?s government to allow private businesses to develop the country?s woeful telecommunications infrastructure, emphasizing the importance of competition and free speech.
?Try to keep the government out of regulating the internet,? he said to a round of applause from a group of students at a technical university in Yangon. ?The answer to bad speech is more speech. More communication. More voices,? he said. ?If you are a political leader you get a much better idea of what your citizens are thinking about.?
Schmidt said the Internet can help cement political and economic opening in Myanmar, which has undergone rapid changes since reformist president Thein Sein took office in 2010 after decades of direct military rule.
?The Internet will make it impossible to go back,? he said. ?The Internet once in place guarantees communication and empowerment becomes the law and practice of your country.?
He said Google?s first priority in Myanmar will be to improve access to information with its search engine and applications such as translation and maps.
?Right now the thing Google can do most is get information into the country,? he said.
Google on Thursday launched a local homepage, www.google.com.mm, which will allow the tailoring of Myanmar content. On Wednesday it unblocked the Google Apps store to allow access from within Myanmar. The U.S. lifted most sanctions on doing business in Myanmar last year. The company says it?s also working to develop local language content.
Today, inadequate infrastructure and high prices mean only about 1 percent of people in Myanmar have access to the internet, according to World Bank data, and less than ten percent have mobile phones, Schmidt said.
Data capable smartphones remain prohibitively expensive, averaging $563 in a nation where the average income is $60-70 per month, according to a February 2013 study by Radio Free Asia?s Open Technology Fund.
Myanmar has just three internet service providers, two of which are wholly or partially owned by the government. All connections, landline and wireless, run through a single fiber optic cable, connections to which haven?t been updated since 2008, according to the Open Technology Fund report. Speeds are so slow that sometimes it is impossible to use Gmail.
?The government has to make it possible for the private sector to build the telecommunications infrastructure,? Schmidt said. ?If we do that right, within a few years the most profitable businesses within Myanmar will be the telecommunications companies.?
He said he is scheduled to meet with Myanmar?s president, Thein Sein, on Friday afternoon.
?I?ll say they?ve made a courageous step to open the country,? he said. ?Now they have to follow through with it.?
Schmidt?s visit to Myanmar comes after trips to Libya, Afghanistan, and North Korea, which he said was a ?truly wacky place.?
USAID recently sponsored a delegation of executives from Cisco Systems, Google, HP, Intel and Microsoft to Myanmar. Earlier this month Cisco said it plans to establish two state-of-the-art network training centers in Myanmar.
Myanmar?s local tech community was elated by Schmidt?s visit.
?Google has a lot of resources to help, not just in Yangon and Mandalay,? said Minn Thein, who came back to Myanmar in January after 19 years in the United States to help found Frontiir, a local tech start up focused on affordable technology. ?If you can build a digital center in a rural area with broadband access, you can use it for education, information and health.?
Source: http://dailycaller.com/2013/03/24/googles-schmidt-urges-myanmar-embrace-free-speech/
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Sunday, March 24, 2013
Characters Gives You Quick Access to Special Characters and Emojis in Your Mac's Menubar
You can invoke Characters by clicking on its menubar icon or with a customizable keyboard shortcut, and then find anything you want using a natural language search bar. The app supports all the standard Unicode special characters you'd expect, plus Emoji as a fun bonus. Once you find what you're looking for, just click the character or navigate to it with arrow keys and hit enter to copy it to your clipboard. The app also features an incredibly useful code mode that can copy the character's HTML Entity or Python source to use on your website or script.
If you don't need special characters very often, you can find them fairly easily in the Edit menu of most Mac apps. But if you find yourself needing them a lot, or just want quick access to silly Emojis, Characters is well worth its $2.99 price tag.
Charaters ($2.99) | Mac App Store via MacStories
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Saturday, March 23, 2013
War crimes suspect 'the Terminator' arrives at The Hague
Katrina Manson / Reuters / REUTERS
Indicted war criminal Bosco Ntaganda poses for a photograph during an interview with Reuters in Goma, Democratic Republic of Congo, Oct. 5, 2010.
By Jenny Clover, Reuters
A Congolese warlord known as "the Terminator" who is accused of murder, rape and other atrocities arrived at the International Criminal Court's jail in the Netherlands early on Saturday, the court said.
Bosco Ntaganda, who walked off the street and gave himself up at the U.S. Embassy in Kigali in a surprise move on Monday, was flown in a private jet from the Rwandan capital to The Hague after being handed over to the court's custody.
After a 15-year career that spanned a series of Rwandan-backed rebellions in the east of the Democratic Republic of Congo, he will appear in court on Tuesday for the first hearing in a process that could lead to him being put on trial for war crimes.
Ntaganda was most recently a commander in the M23 rebel movement, but his position weakened after the group split in two.
His removal from the conflict creates an opportunity to secure a peace agreement to end the year-old rebellion in a region dogged by conflicts.
Ntaganda's surrender was the first time an ICC suspect had voluntarily handed themselves over to be in the court's custody.
He asked stunned U.S. officials at the embassy to be transferred to the court, where he will face charges of recruiting child soldiers, murder, ethnic persecution, sexual slavery and rape during the 2002-3 conflict in northeastern Congo's gold mining Ituri district.
His whereabouts had been unknown after hundreds of his fighters fled into Rwanda or surrendered to U.N. peacekeepers last weekend following their defeat by a rival faction of M23 rebels in the mineral-rich eastern Congo.
"Bosco thought his choice was the ICC or probable death," said Jason Stearns of the Rift Valley Institute.
Victory for victims
Foreign Minister Louise Mushikiwabo said Ntaganda flew out of Kigali in the custody of ICC officials following cooperation between the Rwandan, U.S. and Dutch governments.
A Reuters witness had seen a blacked-out U.S. Embassy vehicle under police escort drive along the perimeter of Kigali international airport. Shortly after, a private jet took off.
His first courtroom appearance, to confirm his identity, will be on Tuesday morning, the court said in a statement.
With an arrest warrant hanging over him, Ntaganda and his backers were seen as an obstacle to peace between the M23 and the Congolese government that the rival faction had shown signs of warming to.
"Bosco's arrest won't bring peace to the eastern Congo, but Bosco's arrest does spell a victory in the battle against impunity and the dismantling of one of the barriers to a peace process in the country," Stearns said.
The trial of Rwandan-born Ntaganda could prove an embarrassment to the Rwandan government, which has denied charges by a United Nations panel that it backs the M23 rebels.
ICC prosecutor Fatou Bensouda might seek to add additional charges related to rebellions that followed the alleged Ituri crimes, analysts said.
Wars in Congo have killed about five million people in the past decade and a half, and many eastern areas are still afflicted by violence from a number of rebel groups despite a decade-long U.N. peacekeeping mission.
"Bosco Ntaganda's arrival in The Hague will be a major victory for victims of atrocities in eastern Congo," said Geraldine Mattioli-Zeltner, international justice advocacy director at Human Rights Watch.
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